TERBUTALINE
It is a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, used as a reliever inhales as a tocolytic (anti-contraction medication) to delay preterm labor for up to 48 hours. This time can be used to administer steroid injections to the mother which help fetal lung maturity and reduce complications of pre-maturity. It is available in oral, injectable and intravenous formulation.
NON- STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG
More commonly known as NSAIDs can slow down or prevent preterm labor. They do so by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and thereby the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxane, (which help cause uterine contraction). It is thought that inhibiting COX-2 leads to the anti-inflammatory effects.
NIFEDIPINE
Also known as Calcium channel blockers. They reduce the passage of Ca2+ into smooth muscles such as muscles of uterus. Calcium channel blockers may offer the best outcome of the commonly used drugs to stop preterm labor, delaying delivery for 7 days. This time allow the steroids to improve the baby's lungs and time to transfer the mother to a well qualified medical facility before delivery. It is taken by mouth and comes in fast and slow release formulations.
MAGNESIUM SULFATE
It has become the most commonly used drug for treating preterm labor. It is given only intravenously. Magnesium lowers Ca2+ levels in muscle cells of uterus. Since Ca2+ is necessary for muscle cells to contract, this results into the relaxation of muscle cells. It also leads to decrease in neuromuscular transmission. Magnesium sulfate also act as CNS depressant and dilate blood vessels.
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