Also known as kidney failure, is a medical condition in which the kidneys no longer work. It is further divided into acute kidney failure (cases that develop rapidly) and chronic kidney failure (those that are long term). Causes of kidney or renal failure include low BP, blockage of urinary tract, certain medication, muscle breakdown and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Causes of chronic type include diabetes, high BP, nephrotic syndrome and polycystic kidney diseases. Diagnosis of chronic disease is often based on a combination of factors such as decreased urine production or increased serum creatinine. Diagnosis of chronic disease is typically based on GFR of less than 15. Symptoms of this condition include nausea, vomiting, blood in urine, pressure or difficulty in urinating, less frequent urination. The treatment given is a low protein diet, dialysis and minimizing exposure to nephrotoxins such as intravenous contract.
PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPY
Introduction: Most cells are too small to be seen by the naked eyes, the study of cells has depended heavily on the use of microscopes. Mi...
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Nitrate Reductase (NR) shows cell-specific expression. For e.g., at low nitrate conc. NR is primarily found in the root epidermal while at ... -
A major physiological role of insulin is formation of glycogen from glucose in a number of tissues. Glycogen formation is controlled by the... -
GROWTH HORMONE: The hormone responsible for general somatic growth. It accounts for 4% to 10% of the wet weight of the anterior pituitar...
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